Paper wasps (Polyistes dominula) stand on the water’s surface while drinking. The ‘surface tension‘ of the water, a property that causes water molecules to stick together, acts like an elastic sheet, supporting the wasp’s weight. The wasp’s six legs create depressions in the surface, forming lens-like curvatures that cast tiny shadows beneath the water. Surface tension is crucial for many organisms, as it creates a habitat for various life forms on the water’s surface.
surface-tension-formula
In this formula, surface tension (γ) represents the force across an imaginary line divided by twice the length of that line. The factor of 2 is essential because, when splitting the surface of a bubble, we’re actually pulling apart molecules on two surfaces—the inner and the outer.
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