Illustration from the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона, 1890–1907)
Long before computers and digital graphics, scholars relied on meticulously crafted diagrams to visualize ideas. This monumental Russian encyclopaedia—published in 35 small or 86 large volumes—contains over 121,000 articles, 7,800 illustrations, and 235 maps. Contributions came from some of Russia’s greatest minds, including Dmitri Mendeleev and Vladimir Solovyov. Originally a joint project of Leipzig and St. Petersburg publishers.
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